Ethics and Accounting :: Finance Business Accountant Accountancy

Ethics and Accounting What's ethics got to do with accounting? Everything! Believe me, everything. When the word ethics is mentioned, what readily comes to mind is the question of deciding between doing what is right and doing what is wrong. But doing what is right versus doing what is wrong within what context? The idealist will say that decisions of ethics should not be conditional. But it is not as simple as it sounds, for what constitutes "right" to one person, may be "wrong" to another person. What bridges the gap, guides, and clearly distinguishes the line between right and wrong in political, economic and social systems are traditions, culture, laws and regulations. Even then, what is unethical may not necessarily be illegal, even though there exists a close relationship between the two. These dynamics apply to almost every legal profession, accounting not exempted. This paper examines the issues of ethics in accounting. It also looks at the differences and similarities between financial accounting to managerial accounting. Introduction According to Marshall et al, (What the numbers mean, 2003) accounting involves "identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information about an organization for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgments." This definition clearly shows that there are stakeholders in the information generated by accountants. These include managers, shareholders, oversight and law enforcement agencies, and the general public. Since these entities rely on the reports generated by accountants for critical decision making, it is important that the information be reliable, objective, and presented in an easy to understand format. Ignoring or circumventing these values renders the information generated unreliable. It can lead to devastating consequences as evidenced by events which led to recent legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which seeks to make top management of organizations accountable for the financial statement produced by their organizations through the internal controls they develop and enhance, and to oversee auditors who hitherto could have business interests other than auditing in the organizations they were responsible for auditing. Financial versus Managerial accounting Managerial accounting refers to the management of company resources while applying management accounting principles in decision making. One important characteristic of management accounting is that, it is internal to the organization even though external information such as financial accounting reports will have some amount of influence. Financial accounting refers to the identification, recording, computation, and reporting of financial information to users who may have a stake in the information reported. An important characteristic of this information is that it is geared towards users external to the company. A financial accountant generates information for external consumption. These products include the income statement, the balance sheet, the statement

Online Shopping Versus in Store

If a person decides to make the purchases of an item online there are a few facts that should be realized. In the economy that today's society is in savings is a big deal for most. When shopping online the shopper will be required to purchase their items with credit cards. Credit cards can be very convenient a shopper however, they come with payments and interest. When calculated out a shopper can look at 10 percent on purchases made. Knowing this and how long it can take to pay debt off may make a person think twice about the purchases that are made.On average 5,000 dollars will take 10 years to payoff. Once the shopper has ordered the Items shipping will be estimated. One transaction online can cost a person an extra 10 Lars In shipping, followed by at least 10 dollars In a small purchase for Interest on the credit card. The shopper also has the choice to go Into the stores to make the purchases needed. These purchases can be made with a variety of payments including cash, gift car ds as well as credit cards. Most people know how much they are willing to spend on an item and very seldom want to spend more.If a going into a store with cash you are ensured you will not spend more, or incur any hidden fees. When paying with cash it can be asked if a discount is available, a person would be pleasantly surprised at the savings offered. In store shopping offers other means of savings as well, coupons are a big tool that stores supply to have the public come into their establishments. Now if a company like Kohl's for Instance offers additional savings If a credit card Is used, once again the shopper Is saving usually an additional 15 percent.The trick to shopping In stores with credit cards Is to turn around and make the payment right there Is In the store. This would require that the customer had the intention of paying with cash to save money, and in the end this would save a customer even more than thought of in the beginning. More thought should go into why one w ould choose not to shop online versus shopping in the store. Today the country is seeing a lack in jobs, and people needing work. For every purchase a person makes online it is taking more jobs away.Shopping online one does not need a sales clerk, cashier, janitor, supervisor, and manager to make the purchases. All one needs is to have access to the Internet, and fingers. Placing orders online also can take away from local vendors, not Just corporations. If online most likely you will be ordering from companies that purchase teems from overseas, yet again taking money away from the American economy. Now if shopping for electronics Is what a person Is doing corporate shopping will be needed; however, doing It online takes more Jobs away.When thinking about making a purchase for a television most would only think tout want ten Test price Is Tanat can De Taunt. IT ten economy were outing tout a few things would cross the mind of an individual. One big item is if the store wasn't open i t would be an empty building, owner looses money, electric company looses money, and the people that would normally work there are trying to find a Job amongst all the other Americans. Going out shopping in person can offer a great deal of benefits too community. This allows the shopper to purchase locally grown and locally made items.When thinking that corporate gifts are needed for Christmas or birthdays' people can think out of the box and get creative. How many people would want to receive a massage, car wash, oil change? These are all options for in store shopping, thus keeping money in the local economy. Shopping online can also bring up a few worries will the item fit will it match, or will it live up to expectations of the purchaser? When ordering clothing online a errors does not get to try on the clothes, this leaves one hoping it is going to fit correctly and the way it was expected to fit.If a person decides that the bathroom needs to be redecorated and spends four hundr ed dollars online doing this, gets the items in the mail to be upset that it does not match as well to the tile. Problems like this can occur at anytime when the items are not seen in person. In order for a one to be sure that what is wanted is what one gets it is best to use the senses in making the purchase. To use senses in making a purchase being present is required. This would even go for purchasing a television, seeing the efferent screens on will help a shopper to decide which one would be best.If wanting to purchase a new dress trying it on will show rather the look is what is wanted or not. The same theory applies to making purchases for a home, the items can be brought in and placed where it is wanted and then decided upon if it should stay or go back to the store for a replacement. Questions can now be asked knowing the differences on the two forms when deciding which form is best for the shopper. When deciding to make a purchase each person will need to decide what matte rs most, convenience or helping to boost he economy, and staying local with each purchase.

Edgar Allan Poe s `` Rough Early Life `` - 1108 Words

Jake Kimmelman Bennett American Literature CP 22 February 2017 Edgar Allan Poe Have you ever wondered the reasons behind why some horror stories are so sinister? Have you ever read a horror story and told yourself that it would not happen in real life? Have your ever thought that you had a rough life growing up? Poe did not live to see his name really get the big praise it does now for his horror. Most of Poe’s life was filled with death of loved one’s and sadness which made him turn to writing poems and short stories. Edgar Allan Poe’s rough early life, relationships with women, and exposure to man’s evil human nature inspire the plots of his short story fiction. Edgar Allan Poe had a very unusual and depressing early life and†¦show more content†¦Throughout Poe’s whole life he had the most unlucky relationships with women. These bad relationships were no doubt a big inspiration for his short stories. Most of his famous horror stories have to do with a woman being killed or dying. From the start of his life till the end tragedy had mostly always to do with women. Starting with his mom dying when he was three and him never even really knowing her (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe Biography†1). Too the first true love a mother of a friend from school dying a year after he fell in love with her. Too his cousin and wife for eleven year’s Virginia also dying from tuberculosis. One of the things that really kicked his writing into action though was when he returned home from a trip to find his fiancee engaged to another man. When he saw this he fled to Boston and started to write distributing his first book Tamerlane at 18 years old. All of these tragedies with women have a role in Poe’s writing about women in his short stories. Because there were so many deaths with women it is hard to tell which ones are portrayed in his short stories but we know that they had a for sure impact. One of the first stories he wrote having to do with girls was â€Å"Berenice† a sto ry about a man who rips out his dead lover s teeth but then comes to realize she is still alive(Lepore 1). Another story of tragedy striking a girl is in â€Å"The Fall of the House of UsherShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe : An American Poet And Critic1437 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was an American author, known as a poet and critic, however most popular as the first literary expert of the short story structure, particularly stories that were mysterious and horrifying. He exceeded expectations particularly in the categories of riddle, macabre, and repulsiveness. He in more recent time has been credited for coming up with the Sci-Fi and Detective genres. His work was so often so disturbing and dark that many tend to have a hard time reading it to completionRead MoreWho Is The Father Of Mystery?1702 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world? Edgar Allan Poe, Arthur Conan Doyle, and John Grisham all have very different childhoods, but they all have one thing in common and that is that they are all popular mystery writers. Family troubles, beliefs, and education all influenced their writings. Mystery authors have evolved over time, these authors from three different time periods are: Edgar Allan Poe, Arthur Conan Doyle, and John Grisham. Edgar Allan Poe was a popular mystery writer of the mid 1800’s. He was an AmericanRead MoreThe Raven, Annabel Lee, And The Fall Of The House Of The Usher1249 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories: The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The fall of the house of the Usher, are just some of the thrilling tales that have left the reader feeling pure disturbia and macabre. However, the most ghostly mystery is the death of this profound poet. Therefore, Poe is my favorite author because of his tragic early life, his unusually marriage, and his mysterious death. Poe was born to traveling actors: Elizabeth Poe and David Poe Jr. in Boston on January 19, 1809, but within threeRead MoreMathew Bradys Photography of the Civil War Essay2809 Words   |  12 Pagesforever remembered for the pictures he has taken even if he is not in them. There is not much known about his life. He worked so hard on preserving America’s history but forgot to preserve his own. Before the War Mathew Brady was born in the year 1822 in Warren County, New York. His parents were Irish Immigrants named Andrew and Julia Brady. Little is known about his early life. Before his photography career he was a department store clerk and later opened his own small business manufacturingRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesextremely difficult to say with absolute certainty which one is the most decisive. It should be noted as well that the conflict of a story may exist prior to the formal initiation of the plot itself, rather than be explicitly dramatized or presented in an early scene or chapter. Some conflicts, in fact, are never made explicit and must be inferred by the reader from what the characters do or say as the plot unfolds (as, for example, in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†). Conflict, then, is theRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pagesinvented on their own, but rather have evolved from i deas based on previous developments in art. This is why studying existing canons of great art is very important. *Some definitions of art according to philosophers: †¢ Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world.-Plato †¢ Art is the whole spirit of man.-Ruskin †¢ Art is the medium by which the artist communicates himself to his fellows.-Charleston Noyes †¢ Art is anything made or done by man that affects

Doris Lin - ThoughtCo

The Impact Of Social Media Technology On The Context Of...

5.3 Research Methodology In order to fulfil the objectives of this research, this research needs to be looked from certain frameworks, such as the journalism principles and cultural issues. The research would examine how these frameworks cover the use of social media technology in the practice of curation journalism. It would involve an excavation of qualitative data from informants within the research’s subjects, those are journalists of Kompas.com, Tempo.co and Viva.co.id, three online media in Indonesia. In relation to that, I include this study into a paradigm in the field of qualitative research. This option was taken under consideration the social benefits within this research, which I believe will enrich the information about the construction of meaning and culture shift in the context of curation journalism. Thomas A Schwandt (2000) examines three paradigm stances in qualitative research: interpretivism, hermeneutics and social constructionism. The interpretivists and the philosophers of hermeneutics argue that it is possible to understand human actions by directly grasping the subjective meaning of beliefs, desires and so on. Whereas, the social constructionists view that â€Å"all knowledge claims and their evaluation take place within a conceptual framework through which the world is described and explained† (Schwandt 2000: p. 191-197). Based on the explanation above, and considering the frameworks that mentioned earlier, it is envisaged that this study is laid within

4 Paragraph Essay on Woodrow Wilson free essay sample

In the year 1916 Wilson was re-elected and began his second term smoothly. On April 6th 1917 Wilson broke his promise and the U. S entered WW1 declaring war on Germany for sinking a U. S merchant ship killing 128 Americans. This was a very disturbing and disrespectful act towards the U. S. Woodrow Wilson promised the people of America that he would keep peoples sons out of war and that they would always be safe. He said that the U. S would remain neutral through all war related events throughout the time of his presidency. On April 6th 1917 the U. S entered war and was on the side of the allies Great Britain, France and Russia. The U. S entered the war on French territory with more than 2 million soldiers fighting on the battlefield. All soldiers were under the command of Major General John J. Pershing. More than 6 million people died in this war and more than 2 million innocent citizens died outside of the war. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Paragraph Essay on Woodrow Wilson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was a very horrible time period for most of the world. When the U. S was still neutral peoples households were more complete with their son’s home. People were relieved to see their sons coming home every day with no worries. People knew that their son would come home safe and not come home badly wounded, traumatized or not even return at all. They also wouldn’t have to worry about losing their homes during a raid or big explosion. But when the U. S got into WW1 all of this changed dramatically. People got letters sent home about a death of a family member, people lost their home to both enemy and friendly soldiers, some lost their main income port to pay bills and get important needed household items. People also had to change their way of living so that the fighting soldiers could survive off of what they needed such as clothes food and other resources such as metal, rubber and glass. To help support this act Wilson established a new recycling system and conserved resources. Some of the things that were established are Meatless Mondays and Heatless Wednesdays. There were also days people couldn’t drive and could only purchase a certain amount of gas. Some people did not enjoy this very much. Wilson was an effective leader because he focused on diplomacy and financial considerations, leaving the waging of the war primarily in the hands of the military establishment. On the home front, he began the first effective draft in 1917, raised billions in war funding through Liberty Bonds, imposed an income tax, enacted the first federal drug prohibition, set up the War Industries Board, promoted labor union growth, supervised agriculture and food production through the Lever Act, took over control of the railroads, and suppressed anti-war movements. Wilson also had another effective event. National womens suffrage was achieved under Wilsons presidency, but this egalitarian success was offset by the Wilson administrations segregation of the federal government. This led to Wilson being one of the most known effective leaders in history.

Paranoid Schizophrenia free essay sample

Positive symptoms or overt behavior not normal in normal individuals include delusions (beliefs that are not reality based), hallucinations (visual and or auditory; sometimes weighted in the individual’s unique cultural experiences), and incongruent or illogical language (Kohn, n. d. ). Negative symptoms or absent behaviors associated with normal individuals include â€Å"flat† affect or mood, social isolation or withdrawal, and lack of spontaneity (Kohn, n. d. ). This disorder has four sub-types, all of which has its own prominent feature. The subtypes are Catatonic (marked by bizarre motor behavior), Paranoid (marked by a significant suspiciousness and a strong sense of persecution), Disorganized (fragmented or illogical speech), and Undifferentiated (having mixed or more than one symptom) (Kohn, n. d. ). 2. Briefly describe the client’s background. Valerie had a normal childhood and was good at work and school. She went to college and graduate school and got married. In Valerie’s late 20’s she began developing delusions of persecution, reference, and grandeur. We will write a custom essay sample on Paranoid Schizophrenia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because of these delusions Valerie’s husband and church pastor had her committed to a mental institution. Valerie was placed on different medications, and after more than eight years Valerie was able to accept her diagnosis of schizophrenia. Once she accepted the diagnosis doctors could stabilize her medications. Valerie is able to hold a steady job since she is medicated properly and has her symptoms under control. Valerie once had dreams of traveling and getting her PhD, but she is now content just going to work and going home (where she lives with her parents). She has no interest in being in an intimate relationship (Kohn, n. d. ). 3. Describe any factors in the client’s background that might predispose him or her to the disorder. Predisposition can be attributed to the Diathesis-Stress Model (Kohn, n. d. ). This model states that genetics, biology, and stress can be determining causal factors. Valarie and her family relocated numerous times before she began college. She described herself as a social outcast. She grew up in the church as her parents were teachers in the church; therefore her core was church and religion based. Valerie stated that when she and her husband married, her husband made two distinct agreements with her that he did not uphold. The agreements were to have children and to relocate. These disregarded agreements appeared to be significant stressors for her (Kohn, n. d. ). In the interview, Valarie reported she was the only family member with mental health issues; therefore no genetic causal factor was noted. She stated her delusions and hallucinations associated with religion. Delusions and hallucinations are often associated with an individual’s culture. Citing she was a social outcast is a symptom of abnormal behavior that impairs social and emotional functioning. She reports the onset of Schizophrenia with delusions at age 28 during a time when her marriage was unstable (broken agreements) and she was unhappy (Kohn, n. . ). These stressors are causal factors in the onset or erupting of the disorder. Observations 1. Describe symptoms that you observed that support the diagnosis of the individual. When Valerie spoke of her memories and the occurrences that she experienced they supported the diagnosis, although at the time of the interview she showed no re adily apparent indications of paranoid schizophrenia. Valerie spoke of the delusions that she experienced in her late twenties where she believed that people were plotting against her and that she was a martyr for her church and her beliefs (Kohn, n. . ). When she was institutionalized, she believed that she was actually imprisoned and that her captors were going to experiment on her. She described how terrified she was the time she thought that people in the hospital were going to surgically remove her breasts. She was connected to the church and believed that people were infiltrating the church and trying to destroy it; making matters worse, when she expressed this fear to her husband and the church leader, she was taken to a Catholic hospital to be institutionalized which only affirmed her fears of the Catholics (Kohn, n. . ). She thought the medicine that she was being given was in the hospital was actually poison and that the hospital personnel would kill her in her sleep or th at the medication would kill her while she was sleeping. On one occasion she tried to smother her roommate in the hospital with a pillow (Kohn, n. d. ). 4. Describe symptoms or observations that are inconsistent of the disorder. Valerie seemed very functional and articulate, and did not present as being disconnected from reality. She was clearly able to meet the ordinary demands of life. Her thoughts, moods, and perceptions did not seem distorted; she was not illogical or incoherent in her ability to communicate. Valerie was likeable and animated. She had specific recall about experiences that she enjoyed, especially when she described the enjoyment she experienced when she studied abroad. She expressed her happiness in finishing graduate school before becoming mentally ill (Kohn, n. d. ). She seemed to have a clear understanding of her disorder and was able to employ coping strategies, function in society, help others, and hold a job. She expressed her frustration with the doctor’s disregarding her complaints about the medication, and felt she was not treated with a high degree of respect and did not like not having any privacy (Kohn, n. d. ). She seemed very connected to reality and to her memories; she was able to provide insight to her background in a matter of fact manner that was very descriptive. Although she stated that she is mentally ill, she did not present herself as mentally ill. Valerie did not typify one’s expectations of a paranoid schizophrenic although her references to her past affirmed the correct diagnosis. . Describe any information you observed about the development of the disorder. She started to have some gradual changes that led in to the diagnosis of Schizophrenia. At the onset of her disorder she started to believe that there were individuals that were starting to infiltrate the church and try to take over. She told her husband who went to the church leader at the time whic h was a priest and they both concluded to get her admitted to the psychiatric unit for some help, this was her first admission. When this first incident started to occur, she had a strained marriage and was around the age of 29. Her marriage was strained because her husband who earlier in the relationship had agreed to moving from Southern California and to having children after she was done her Graduated School decided that he did not want to follow his agreement. This was a devastating event to her and is what started the downward trend in her in her mental health. She feels that the stress of the strained marriage is what brought out her diagnosis of Schizophrenia. While on the psychiatric ward she had fears that the staff there were out to kill her, and she felt the medicine they were giving her was poison, and that she was caught trying to smother her roommate. She had hallucinations while in the psychiatric admission, that the staff there were going to do a surgery to remove her breast, and the medications would put her in such a deep sleep that this procedure could be done without her knowing. She has had auditory hallucinations, and also she had visual hallucinations with this disorder. While off her medications since she believed she did not have a mental illness she started to have delusional thoughts. While she was not taking her medications she had delusional thoughts that the cars in the United States were on a computer systems and if she did not drive for hours upon hours people in her family would die. Throughout the interview you can see she has had very delusional thoughts over the years that she has had been diagnosed. She has also had the two types of positive symptoms of delusions and hallucinations. She also described that she felt that she was going to be persecuted for many different reasons throughout her years of diagnosis which can be described as Paranoid Sub-type. Therapeutic Intervention 1. In your opinion, what are the appropriate short-term goals for this intervention? Paranoid schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment, even during periods when you feel better and your symptoms have lifted. You may feel as if you dont need treatment, and you may be tempted to ignore treatment recommendations. In my opinion, the appropriate short term goals would be for Valerie to continue taking the drug Haldol. Valerie has had great success with taking this drug she has taken it for several years and it has managed her symptoms. If at some point her medication stops working she can have her dosage increased. 2. In your opinion, what are the appropriate long-term goals for this intervention? In my opinion, the appropriate long term goal for Valerie would be psychotherapy. Valerie would benefit from the emerging techniques in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy with a skilled mental health provider can help Valerie learn ways to cope with the distress and daily life challenges brought on by paranoid schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy will help Valerie overcome her attention difficulties. The social skills training and the milieu therapy can teach her more socially acceptable behaviors. In turn these skills should allow her to keep stress levels down thereby reduce her risk of a relapse. 1. Which therapeutic strategy seems most appropriate in this case? Why? Based on the case study patient Valerie there were some significant factors that helped her to achieve success in her battles with schizophrenia. The first step was her acceptance of her disorder. Once she realized that she did have a mental illness she began to take steps to help in her recovery process. She then coupled herself with the best provider she could. This provider committed himself to gradually walking her through the process. Instead of starting her on heavy doses of psychotherapeutic drugs, he started her on a lower dose with gradually increases to reduce her symptoms and decrease side effects. Because of the gradual process Valerie was able to start taking interest in fulfilling activities in her life such as working, and having a social life. 6. Which therapeutic modality seems most appropriate in this case? Why? Patients who suffer from schizophrenia no longer need to live their life in an asylum being subject to electro-shock treatments, or lobotomies. There has been a significant amount of success with the use of neuroleptic drugs. Thorozine, Haldol, Prolixin drastically minimize the effects of schizophrenia. These drugs alter the dopamine neurons. These are neurons that directly impact mood, thoughts, and feelings. The use of these drugs can also reduce psychiatric symptoms and assists patients with the ability to lead normal and active lives. However, there can be side effects such as: uncontrollable shaking, muscle tightening, or involuntary eye movement. These side effects can exist in 20%-40% of patients and can be permanent. Another important technique is psychotherapy. These techniques include: cognitive therapy, social skills training, and milieu training. Overall, 30% of patients treated significantly recover and avoid reoccurrence for many years. Kohn, A. (n. d. ). Paranoid Schizophrenia. Retrieved March 22, 2012, from Faces of Abnormal Psychology: Interactive: http://www. mhhe. com/socscience/psychology/faces/bigvid. swf